Undergraduate Project
While doing the design I was able to learn many things related to the electronics, Control systems and also about team working. and have the experience of work with the random people I gained knowledge of basic electronic components including operational amplifiers, and capacitors. I became familiar with oscilloscopes and signal generators. I gained knowledge about how to utilize a signal generator to generate waves, change frequencies, and see the output waveform and assess crucial factors. Learned about how the OP-Amps are working as comparator, substractor, adder and how to use OP-Amps to make the analog PID controllers. Learned about how the Proportional, Integral and Derivative circuits are working. Learned about how to select the components for the design and how to simulate the circuit using the proteus software. Learned about how to design a combined PID controller for the requirement. Also we have learned about the operation and the pin diagram of the L293D motor controller IC , 555 timer also the 741 op-amp IC. Also we have learn about the PWM signal generation using the 555 timer IC and the integral circuit. I developed a highly patient work ethic. Because the entire system was sophisticated as a whole. My patience skills definitely came in handy and got better as I built such a complicated circuit. During the implementation laboratory session, we were able to implement the circuit and got the outputwith the proportional control, Integration control and Differential control. Also the proportional controller circuit was given exact required control. While doing the lab I went wrong with Calculations was done for finding the capacitors and resisters in order to implement the PID Controller . But the above capacitors and resisters can’t be found in exact values. But after the implementation the values ware varied from theoretical values and When the peak voltage of the clock pulses which is given to the motor controller was less than the PID signal. Power supplied to the whole circuit was +12v and -12v, therefore, when testing the ic’s got high heat. Also when the operation of the motor the current draws by the motor may high and the voltage got loss with that the supply voltage reduced. So fixing those I could go through with including a Level shifter circuit. Capacitors and resistors having approximate values which can be found in the laboratory were used instead of exact values. In reality, the system is augmented by the resistance and capacitance of the wires and cables that are used to link equipment. For the PWM pulse generation part we have taken long time because some issues of the breadboard may cause some errors in the wave forms. Therefore we have to check the breadboards properly before use them